ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ Pre-Islam Marriage

 

Types of marriage before Islam.. (pre-Islamic marriage)

1 – Istibadah: This occurs when a man sends his wife to become pregnant by another man. This occurs if the man is sterile or if the other man is of high standing within his tribe.

2 – Mudamadah: This occurs when poor married women go to wealthy men, and after becoming wealthy, they return to their husbands.

3 – Prostitution: This occurs when a man has sex with a woman in exchange for an agreed-upon fee.

4 – Zina: This occurs when a man engages in sexual intercourse with a woman. Sex with a woman for free, without compensation.

5 – Captivity: This is when a group of men invade another tribe and forcibly take its women at gunpoint. They then divide the captives. Whoever captures a woman takes her and enjoys her.

6 – Mut’ah: This is a marriage for a specific period of time, at which point it ends.

7 – Mukhaanda: This is a group of men sleeping with one woman. It usually occurred between brothers. This marriage allows a single woman to have multiple men, each of whom sleeps with her. If she becomes pregnant and gives birth, she sends for all of them and names her child after whomever she desires. No man can object to this.

8 – Al-Dayzin: Also called “Nikah al-Maqt” (Marriage of Destruction), this is when, after the father dies, the eldest son has the right to marry his father’s wife as part of his inheritance. This also applies to the brother’s wife. The woman becomes part of the estate, and therefore this marriage is called an inheritance marriage. It takes place without paying a dowry. If the man does not have a son or brother, his wife is inherited by the closest male relative to him from the tribe. This type of marriage continued until God forbade it, as He, the Most High, said: “And do not marry those whom your fathers married, except what has already occurred. Indeed, it was an immorality and hateful and an evil way.”

9 – Shighar: It is when a man marries his wife to a man who is not related to him. His daughter or sister to a man who marries him back to his daughter or sister, and there is no dowry.

10 – Al-Badal: This is when a man says to another, “Exchange your wife for me, and I will exchange my wife for you.” There is no power or strength except with Allah.

Praise be to Allah for the blessing of Islam.

ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ .. ‏(ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻫﻠﻴﺔ)

١ – ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﻀﺎﻉ : ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺯﻭﺟﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﺧﺮ، ﻭﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻋﻘﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺫﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﻧﺴﺐ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻮﻣﻪ

٢ – ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﻣﺪﺓ : ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺬﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺰﻭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﺃﻏﻨﻴﺎﺀ، ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻐﺘﻨﻲ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﻬﺎ

٣ – ﺍﻟﺒﻐﺎﺀ : ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﺟﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

٤ – ﺍﻟﺰﻧﺎ : ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻣﺠﺎﻧﺎً ﺑﻼ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ

٥ – ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻲ : ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺑﻐﺰﻭ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺃﺧﺬ ﻧﺴﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﻮﺓ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ، ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻘﺎﺳﻤﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻳﺎ، ﻓﻤﻦ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻳﺄﺧﺬﻫﺎ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻬﺎ

٦ – ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺔ : ﻭﻫﻮ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﻤﺪﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﺎ

٧ – ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﻧﺪﺓ : ﺃﻭ ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺮﻫﻂ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﻻﻣﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ، ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ .. ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻜﺎﺡ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺓٍ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻋﺪّﺓ ﺭﺟﺎﻝ ﻓﻴﻀﺎﺟﻌﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ، ﻭﺇﻥ ﺣﻤﻠﺖ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩﻫﺎ، ﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻃﻠﺒﻬﻢ ﺟﻤﻴﻌﺎً، ﻭﺗﺴﻤّﻲ ﻣﻮﻟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ، ﻭﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻷﻱّ ﺭﺟﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ

٨ – ﺍﻟﻀﻴﺰﻥ : ﻭﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ‏(ﻧﻜﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺖ) ﻭﻫﻮ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺏ ﻳﺤﻖ ﻟﻼﺑﻦ ﺍﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺰﻭﺝ ﺑﺰﻭﺟﺔ ﺃﺑﻴﻪ ﻛﺠﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺮﺍﺛﻪ , ﻭﻳﺴﺮﻱ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﺥ , ﻭﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﺯﻭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺮﺍﺙ , ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻣﻬﺮ , ﻭﺍﺫﺍ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺥ ﻭﺭﺙ ﺍﻣﺮﺃﺗﻪ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ، ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺝ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺣﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ : ﻭﻻﺗﻨﻜﺤﻮﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻜﺢ ﺁﺑﺎﺅﻛﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺇﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺣﺸﺔ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﺎ ﻭﺳﺎﺀ ﺳﺒﻴﻼ

٩ – ﺍﻟﺸﻐﺎﺭ : ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ ﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻳﺰﻭﺟﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺍﺑﻨﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺧﺘﻪ، ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻬﺮ

١٠ – ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻝ : ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﻟﻸﺧﺮ ‏( ﺑﺎﺩﻟﻨﻲ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺗﻚ ﺃﺑﺎﺩﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻣﺮﺃﺗﻲ ‏) .. ﻻ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻭﻻ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻪ

ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺪﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ